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校車發動機日常保養七大知識點
School bus engine daily maintenance of seven points
預防性維護從每天的對柴油機及其系統的觀察開始，檢查“四位”、“三漏”。
Preventive maintenance start from daily observation of the diesel engine and its system, check the "four", "three leakage".
在起動柴油機之前，檢查機油油位、冷卻液液面和故障指示燈等。
Before starting of diesel engine, check the engine oil, coolant oil liquid surface and fault indicator lamp, etc.
檢查是否有松動或損壞部件，特別是燃油和進、排氣系統
Check whether there is loose or damaged parts, especially the fuel and the intake and exhaust system
檢查皮帶是否磨損或損壞 檢查柴油機是否有任何變化
Check the belt for wear or damage to check if there is any change of diesel engine
檢查故障燈是否正常 檢查是否有泄漏
Check whether the trouble light normally check for leaks
注意：發動機的清潔，只能用壓縮空氣吹凈，忌用液體沖洗。
Note: the engine clean, can only use compressed air to blow clean, avoid is used a liquid washing.
檢查進氣系統
Check the air intake system
檢查進氣膠管是否有裂縫或穿孔，夾箍是否松動，如有發現應擰緊或更換，確保進氣系統不漏氣，否則會造成發動機損壞。
Check the air intake hose for cracks or perforation, clip is loose, if you have found that should tighten or replace, make sure not leak air intake system, otherwise it will cause engine damage.
空氣濾清器保養
Air filter maintenance
發動機必須在裝有空濾器的情況下使用，如空濾器指示器報警，應清潔或更換空濾器濾芯。
The engine must be equipped with air filter under the condition of use, such as air filter indicator alarm, should be clean or replac the air filter element.
檢查傳動膠帶
Check the drive belt
檢查膠帶是否有裂紋，如出現縱向和橫向貫穿的裂紋，膠帶磨損或材料剝落等現象，應更換膠帶。
Check for crack adhesive tape, such as longitudinal and transverse cracks, or material peeling phenomenon such as wear of belt, adhesive tape should be replaced.
在膠帶的最大跨距處測量其撓度。最大撓度不應大于13mm。
The biggest span in measuring the deflection on the tape. Maximum deflection should not be greater than 13 mm.
如有膠帶張緊力測量儀，可在膠帶最大跨距處測量其張力，張力極限為360～490N。
Belt tensioning force measuring instrument, if any, is available in tape maximum span measuring the tension, the tension limit is 360 ~ 490 n.
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更換冷卻液濾清器
replac the coolant filter
車輛停止運行后，務必等冷卻液溫度低于50?C后，方可拆下散熱器加水蓋。
Vehicles stopped running, such as cooling fluid temperature below 50? C, can remove the radiator cap with water.
在更換冷卻液濾清器前，先關閉進出水截流閥，以防止熱的冷卻液噴霧傷人！
Before change the coolant filter shut in and out of the water shut off valve, in order to prevent the hot coolant spray hurt!
拆下冷卻液濾清器并清潔濾清座密封平面。
Remove the coolant filter and clean filtration seat sealing surface.
先在濾清器密封橡膠墊圈表面涂一層薄機油，再安裝冷卻液濾清器，擰緊力矩24±2N.m
First filter sealing surface of the rubber washer with a thin layer of engine oil, coolant filter installation, torque to 24 + / - 2 n. m
安裝完后，務必打開冷卻液濾清器進出水截流閥，再裝上散熱器加水蓋。
After the installation, be sure to open the coolant filter in and out of the water shut off valve, mount radiator cover with water again.
檢查故障燈是否正常
Check whether the trouble light is normal
在柴油機停機時，鑰匙打在“ON”位置時，如果故障診斷燈亮，則說明故障診斷燈工作正常，否則，需要對之進行維修。如果柴油機處于起動或運行狀態，故障診斷燈應該熄滅，否則，就是電控系統產生了故障。應盡快聯系相關人員進行維修。
In diesel engine downtime, key in the "ON" position, if the fault diagnosis of the light, then fault diagnosis lamp work normal, otherwise, you need to repair them. If the starting or operation of the diesel engine fault diagnosis lamp should go out, otherwise, is the electronic control system has a fault. Should contact related personnel for repair as soon as possible.
檢查發動機是否存在泄漏
Check whether there is leakage engine
目測發動機外表面及結合面有無液體的泄漏，如果有泄漏必須進行維修。密封圈處可以有輕微的潮濕。采用聽、嗅、接頭處涂肥皂液等方法檢查管路是否有泄漏現象，對于HP3或HP4泵還可用故障診斷工具檢測漏油，具體參考第四部分“發動機診斷軟件的使用”。
Visual engine surface and combining with the surface of liquid leak, if there is leakage must be repair. Sealing ring can be slightly damp. By listening and smelling, besmear soap method such as the joint check piping for leakage phenomenon, the HP3 or HP4 pump still troubleshooting tools available to detect the leak refer to part 4 "the use of engine diagnostic software".
中冷器的檢查 用肉眼檢查中冷器進出氣室是否有裂縫、穿孔或其它損壞。 檢查中冷器管子、散熱片以及焊縫是否有開裂、脫焊以及其它的損壞。 如果發現機油或垃圾進入中冷器，必須拆下中冷器進行清洗。清洗過程中不允許使用帶腐蝕性的清潔劑。
Knowing the check by visual inspection and mid-cooling device in the unit in and out of the air chamber for cracks, holes or other damage. Check cold weld pipe, heat sink, and whether there are cracks, welding and other damage. If you find oil or waste into cold, must remove the cold wash. Do not allow the use of corrosive cleaning process of detergent.
檢查扭振減振器 檢查扭振減振器內圈和外圈刻線是否移動，若兩刻線錯位大于1.6mm，應更換該減振器
Check torsional vibration damper check torsional vibration damper of inner ring and outer ring groove is mobile, if two scribed line displacement is greater than 1.6 mm, should replac the shock absorber
如果發現有碎片狀橡膠脫落或橡膠圈低于金屬表面距離大于3.2mm，應更換該減振器。
If found to have fragmented falls out of rubber or rubber ring below metal surface distance is greater than 3.2 mm, should replac the shock absorber.
如果減振器內圈對于外圈有向前移動的現象，應更換該減振器。 冷卻系統的維護 為確保發動機冷卻和防腐效果，冷卻系統必須定期清洗相關零部件。 打開散熱器和發動機冷卻水泵上的放水閥，放盡冷卻液。
If the shock absorber inner ring for outer ring has the phenomenon of moving forward, should replac the shock absorber. Cooling system maintenance to ensure that the engine cooling and anti-corrosion effect, the cooling system must be regularly clean related spare parts. Open the water drain valve on the radiator and engine cooling water pump, put the cooling fluid.
將碳酸鈉清洗液注滿發動機冷卻系統。 起動發動機在冷卻液溫度大于80?C情況下運行5分鐘。停車并排盡清洗劑。向冷卻系統注滿清水，注意這時不要裝新的冷卻水濾清器。
The sodium carbonate cleaning fluid fill the engine cooling system. Starting in the engine cooling fluid temperature greater than 80? C run for 5 minutes. Stop do cleaner side by side. Note fresh water to the cooling system, pay attention to at this moment not to install a new cooling water filter.
起動發動機在冷卻液溫度大于80?C情況下運行5分鐘。
Starting in the engine cooling fluid temperature greater than 80? C run for 5 minutes.
停車并排盡冷卻水。 在灌注冷卻液期間，必須將冷卻水腔中的空氣排出，慢慢地注入冷卻液，以防產生氣阻，須等2至3分鐘讓空氣能充分地排出，冷卻液應灌注到散熱器的加水口或液面檢查口的底部。
Stop all cooling water side by side. During the infusion liquid coolant must will discharge the air in the cooling water cavity, inject coolant slowly, to prevent produced gas resistance, must wait 2 to 3 minutes to fully discharge air, coolant should be perfusion to the radiator filler or liquid level check the bottom of the mouth.
注意：絕不允許不加添加劑只用水作冷卻液，這樣會因銹蝕造成發動機嚴重事故。
Note: must not be allowed without additive only water as coolant, engine due to corrosion caused this serious accident.
裝好散熱器加水口壓力蓋，起動發動機運行直到出水溫度達80?C后，檢查冷卻系統是否有泄漏現象。
Packed the radiator filler pressure cover, starting the engine running until the water temperature up to 80? C, after check the cooling system for leakage phenomenon.
停車后待冷卻液溫度降至50?C以下時，打開散熱器加水口壓力蓋，復查冷卻液面，
Coolant temperature down to 50 parking after stay? C, open the radiator filler pressure cover, review the cooling liquid level,
更換機油和機油濾清器 推薦更換周期如下表。 用 途 機油和機油濾清器更換周期
replac the engine oil and oil filter recommended replacement cycle in the following table. Used engine oil and oil filter replacement cycles
公 里 運行小時數 月 電控柴油機 10000 250 3
Male in electronically controlled diesel engine running hours month 10000, 250, 3
更換機油方法：應在機油是熱的和污染物在懸浮狀態時放油 柴油機冷卻液溫度達到60?C 時停車，拆下放油螺塞，放機油。
Oil change: should be in the oil is hot and pollutants in the suspended state oil drain diesel engine coolant temperature to 60? C when parking, break down the oil plug, oil.
清除機油濾清器座四周臟物。拆下旋裝式機油濾清器。清洗濾清器座O形圈密封表面。
Remove oil filter dirt around. Remove the screw type oil filter. Clean the filter seat o-ring seal surface.
先用清潔的機油注滿機油濾清器內腔，再在密封圈密封表面上涂一薄層干凈的機油。安裝機油濾清器。
Use clean oil filter oil is filled first lumen, again on the sealing ring sealing surface with a thin layer of clean oil. Install the oil filter.
安裝放油螺塞，擰緊力矩：80N.m 上柴電控柴油機在常溫環境中使用上柴電控發動機專用機油15W/40 CH-4。
Install drain plug and tighten torque: 80 n. m on the diesel electronic control diesel engine used in normal temperature environment on wood special electronic-controlled engine oil (15 w / 40 CH - 4.
用清潔的機油注入發動機標準油面高度。 起動發動機在怠速運行，并檢查機油濾清器和放油螺塞處是否漏油。 停車，約等15分鐘，再檢查油面高度。油面應在油尺L和H之間。
With clean engine oil to standard injection engine oil surface height. Starting the engine at idle speed running, and check the oil filter and oil drain plug leaks oil. Park,
更換燃油濾清器 將燃油濾清器座周圍清理干凈，拆下燃油濾清器并擦凈濾清器座的密封表面。
replac the fuel filter will fuel filter around clean, remove the fuel filter and wipe filter seat sealing surface.
將干凈的柴油注滿新的燃油濾清器，并用清潔的機油潤滑橡膠密封圈。安裝燃油濾清器。
Shall fill the new clean diesel fuel filter, and clean the oil lubrication rubber sealing ring. Install the fuel filter.
排除柴油粗濾中油水分離器中的水和沉淀物 應每天排出油水 （如果有的話）中的水和沉淀物。 打開柴油粗濾下面的油水分離器底部閥門，排除水合沉淀物，然后再關緊閥門。
Eliminate diesel coarse filter to discharge water and sediment in the oil-water separator should be every day in the oil and water (if any) in the water and sediment. Open diesel coarse filter under the oil-water separator at the bottom of the valve, remove hydrate sediments, and then shut the valve.
“四位”、“三漏”和“聲、色、味、形”的含義 “四位”指冷卻液位、機油位、燃油位及機油壓力位。
"Four", "three leakage" and "sound, color, taste, shape", "four" refers to the meaning of cooling liquid level, oil, fuel and oil pressure.
“三漏”指漏氣、漏油、漏水。 “聲”指發動機工作時有無常異響。“色”指發動機外部可看到的顏色；尾氣的顏色等。 “味”指發動機產生的異味，如燃氣中添加的嗅覺劑、電線膠皮燒焦的味道等；“形”指零部件的外形及其連接安裝。
"Three leakage" refers to the air leakage, oil leakage, leakage. "Sound" refers to the engine work is sound. "Color" refers to the external can see the color of the engine; The color of the tail gas, etc. "Taste" refers to the engine produce peculiar smell, smell of agent is added such as gas, electrical, rubber burning, etc.; "Form" refers to the appearance of parts installation and connection.
“四濾”的含義及保養期； 四濾指機油濾清器、燃油濾清器、空氣濾清器及冷卻液過濾器。
The meaning of "four filter" phase and maintenance; Four filter oil filter, fuel filter, air filter and cooling liquid filter.
保養期： 按照使用說明書的要求以保存期和運轉時間中先到者為準，在特殊惡劣環境中使用還需調整保養周期。
Warranty: in accordance with the requirements of the instruction for use with shelf life and operation shall be subject to the first time, used in the special environment still need to adjust the maintenance cycle.
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